Investigation: Water Scarcity in Australia

Investigation water system Scarcity in AustraliaStudents physique James YuAbstractThis paper indicates the piss scarceness and pee defilement in Australia. These two things nates be serious problems in Australia because it is so study a food exporting country. The sources we use as references atomic number 18 all websites and two scientific paper. The solution for these two pissing issues atomic number 18 becloud seeding and enacting more or less laws which forbid people from throwing formative casually. However, just darken seeding probably send packing work efficiently if Australia earn sufficient metropolis to conduct these experiments. The limitation of this paper is source availability, all what I put forward use is Internet because it is tough for me to summon books on this topic in English version.1.0 IntroductionThis scientific paper indicated several(prenominal) causes of water scarcity and water defilement in Australia, and also provided both(prenominal) solutions of solving this issue. Australia is adept of the most developed countries all over the world, however, this country got a grave water bulwark. One of the most underlying causes is sea surface temperature (SST). In the south of Australia , the SST is lower than average. This signified that there was few evaporation of water, ca apply atomospheric desiccation, and lead to limitation of raining (Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Contour Charts 2013). The cause of water taint in Australia was polyolefins, which accounts for 52% of ductile production and were used for manufacturing throwaway case (Schneider J 2013). These plastics could spoil our food web and ecosystem. Australia mostly gather water from raining and a large proportions of water was used for agriculture, because Australia was a major food exporting country (M. Ejaz Qureshi, Munir A. Hanjra, Ward J 2013). Our hypothesis was Australia could bastinado water scarcity and water contaminantif they develop cloud seeding and enact round regulations on environmental protection.Table 1 Variability of ow in some of the worlds major rivers comp ard with a Australian rivers.COUNTRYRIVERRATIO BETWEEN THE uttermost and THE MINIMUM ANNUAL FLOWSSwitzerland China Sudan USA South Africa AustraliaRhine Yangtze egg white Nile Potomac chromatic Hunter1.9 2.0 2.4 3.9 16.9 54.3This table illustrated the Australian river got a very unstable mutation between the maximum and the minumum flows, compared to whiz major river in separate countries. point of reference http//www.wentworthgroup.org/docs/Chartres__Williams.pdf2.0 MethodologyThe source of this scientific paper was all Internet. I typed some key words like Water scarcity in Australia. I look through all the web pages and gathered the beneficial teaching and type them into calculate box once again. For instance, I found iodine of the solutions of water scarcity in Australia is asperse seeding and I typed this term into search box to get furthe r information. I spent about 40 minutes on researching and found 2 websites for each solution. I concordd substantiate all these sources were all written by reputable professors, scientists or publishers by researching these people and publisher to ensure if their dependency is strong enough for my paper. almost of my sources were another scientific paper.3.0 FindingsTwo of the most severe fresh water issues in Australia were water scarcity and water pollution, these problems have existed for last of a decade. These two water issues could be a massive problem for Australia. Cloud seeding was a significant solution which throws drikold into cloud, it could increase supply moderately in Australia. Figure 1 demonstrated the mean of precipitation of seeded clouds was 2X103 m3 exceeded from unsown clouds, it means seeded clounds can actually raise the percipitation (E. J. Smith). In fact, a great percents of water in Australia was foul by plastics. Meanwhile, Australian plastic produ ction had increased from 170 thousand in 1950s to 280 gazillion in 2011. Figure 2 shows the distribution of plastic pollution in water of Australian city . Most heavy soil cities were difficult in the south-eastern and north-western Australia, the place where need to control the plastic production. Some cities in south-eastern Australia had over 15500 km-2 of plastic concentrations. During the a long term of flowing, these plastics could be humbled down into small fragments within 5 mm length, which commonly called microplastic and dishonored to the food web and ecosystem easily. Therefore, we had two methods to solve this issue. Approximately 37% of plastics were used for manufacturing disposable packaging, comprising bottle, cups and bags,hence, the first solution was reducing the production of single-use plastic bundle and decreased the demand of using these plastic manutacture by advocating awareness of this water issue (Schneider J 2013). Another efficient solution was en act the laws which abate people and also factories from dumping plastics into sea.Figure 1 Total rain from isolated cumulus cloudsThe total rainfall of seeded cloud and unseeded cloud whose tops were -100C or cooler with 30 minutes of seeding from isolated cumulus clouds.Reference http//www.wentworthgroup.org/docs/Chartres__Williams.pdfFigure 2 Distribution map of plastic concentrations in Australia Marine plastic concentrations in waters around Australia. White crosses indicate location of major Australian citiesReference http//theconversation.com/australian-waters- begrime-by-harmful-tiny-plastics-207904.0 DiscussionFrom the scientists and researchers perspectives, they sound off that the best solution that is able to augment the amout of water is cloud seeding. Via this solution, Australia could have sufficient supply and overcame water scarcity lightly. But on the contrary, cloud seeding can be very costly. In most of the cases, it takes millions of RMB to implement one clo ud seeding, therefore, Australia would better have a strong economic backcloth beforehand like developing their agriculture or IT industry. On the other hand, as for the water pollution in Australia, most of water is polluted by fragmented plastic and majority of people and factories concentrated in the eastern coast of the Australia, so we could see eastern Australia is more polluted than any other part of Australia. Moreover, because it is hardly to eliminate all these plastic pollutants and made sure there is no plastic contamination in the furture in a scientific way, we could just do it in a political approach. For instance, government could enact laws of environmental protection or make some advertisments to persuade people do not throw plasctic bags or products into any kind of natural water source. In addition, some eco-friendly organizations can just simply set some dustbins around those highly polluted cities for recycling the plastic. But its a little bit tough for them to restrict water pollution via this method. All in all, I think Australia can conquer these two water issues based on the previous contents.5.0 Conclusions and RecommendationsIn general, cloud seeding still got a substaintia chance to resolve water restriction by it extra precipitation. Australia just need to develop their economy and have enough capital to conduct these experiments. To handle the increasing plastic pollution in Australian water, government have appeal people do not throw any plastic manufactures casually and set several laws to forbid people from doing this, in particular the eastern part of Australia. The durability of this measure rely on the governmental actions and Australian qualities. There are some limitations in this scientific paper, first of all is source restrictions. Sources in this paper are all from Internet. The research suggestion is using books references, because books eer much more trustworthy than websites. If we get enough money, we will f ind a new scientific way to reduce the plastic pollution in Australian water.Reference List Chartres C., Williams J.(2006), Can Australia Overcome its Water Scarcity Problems,Wentworth Group. Online. getable fromhttp//www.wentworthgroup.org/docs/Chartres__Williams.pdf Accessed 1 October 2016(2013),Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Contour Charts, NOAA. Online. Available from http//www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/sea/sst/contour/ Accessed 1 October 2016(2013), M. Ejaz Qureshi, Munir A. Hanjra, Ward J.,Impact of water scarcity in Australia on global food security in an era of climate change, information Direct. Online. Available fromhttp//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919212001170 Accessed 1 October 2016E. J. Smith, Cloud Seeding Experiments in Australia, Berkeley. Online. Available from http//digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/math/ucb/text/math_s5_v5_article-10.pdf Accessed 1 October 2016Schneider J.(2013), Australian waters polluted by harmful tiny plastics, The Conversation . Online. Available fromhttp//theconversation.com/australian-waters-polluted-by-harmful-tiny-plastics-20790 Accessed 2 October 2016